Hikmet Bayur<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong> Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, Mondros M\u00fctarekesi, Minber Gazetesi, Osmanl\u0131, Tarih<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130lk \u00f6rne\u011fi 1918 b\u0131rak\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan Minber gazetesinden alaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu gazeteyi Dr. Rasim Ferid (Talay) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor ve orada Ali Fethi (Okyar)\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 bulundu\u011fu \u201cOsmanl\u0131 H\u00fcrriyetperveran Avam\u201d partisinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri yay\u0131nlan\u0131yordu. Bunlar\u0131n ikisi de Mustafa Kemal\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce arkada\u015f\u0131 idiler ve o da gazeteye, daha \u00f6nce atlar\u0131n\u0131 Bahriye Naz\u0131r\u0131 ve IV. Ordu Komutan\u0131 Cemal Pa\u015faya satarak elde etti\u011fi paran\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131[1<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n Minber\u2019in 19 Kas\u0131m 1918 g\u00fcnl\u00fc n\u00fcshas\u0131nda \u201cN\u00fch\u00fcfte bir Sima\u201d[2<\/a>] ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131da Mustafa Kemal \u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fckten ve g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015fler belirtildikten sonra onun, ad\u0131 s\u00f6ylenilmeyen bir dostuna, Frans\u0131zlarca Almanlar aras\u0131ndaki Marn[3<\/a>] vuru\u015fmas\u0131ndan az sonra yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir mektubunu, i\u00e7indeki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6z adlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kararak yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[4<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6r\u00fclecek olan bu mektup daha \u00f6nce bir gazetede \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, bug\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 zor olan Minber gazetesinde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ve eski harflerle bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131siyle onu burada yeniden ele almay\u0131 uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n O s\u0131radaki g\u00fc\u00e7 ve ge\u00e7 haber alma ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunulmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen pek ufak tefek yanl\u0131\u015flar kapsayan bu mektup daha d\u00f6rt y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek olan genel sava\u015f\u0131n nas\u0131l geli\u015fece\u011finin ana \u00e7izgilerini \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve ger\u00e7eklikle belirtmekte olup hen\u00fcz Sofya\u2019da asker ata\u015fesi bulunan gen\u00e7 Yarbay Mustafa Kemal\u2019in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mektup alayl\u0131 ve \u015fakac\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re yak\u0131n bir arkada\u015fa g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Orada Mustafa Kemal genel sava\u015f\u0131n ilk vuru\u015fmalariyle ilgili olarak \u015funlar\u0131 demektedir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cHangi taraf\u0131n galip gelece\u011fine dair olan kanaat-i fikriyemi[5<\/a>] s\u00f6ylemekten hazer ederim[6<\/a>]. Nazik ve m\u00fchim bir devrede bulunuldu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur; Almanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u015fayan-\u0131 hayret bir savletle[7<\/a>] m\u00fcteaddit Frans\u0131z kalelerini \u00e7i\u011fneyerek sa\u011f cenahiyle Paris\u2019i ge\u00e7ip[8<\/a>] Frans\u0131z ordusunu arkas\u0131 \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019ye olmak \u00fczere s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bu, Almanlar\u0131n maksad\u0131 oldu\u011funda ve ona g\u00f6re muvaffakiyet elverdi\u011finde herkes m\u00fcttehid\u00fcl fikir[9<\/a>] idi ve b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00e2inat[10<\/a>] art\u0131k son ve kat\u2019\u00ee[11<\/a>] meydan muharebesine ve onun neticesine intizar ediyordu. Halbuki bu neticeye mukabil Alman ordular\u0131n\u0131n Frans\u0131z ordular\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fczlerce kilometre geri \u00e7ekildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u015earkda Ruslar\u2019la Almanlar ve Avusturyal\u0131lar aras\u0131nda cereyan eden vekayi\u2019de[12<\/a>] \u015eark\u00ee Prusya\u2019da Ruslar bozuldu, fakat Cenupta Ruslar\u2019\u0131n pek faik[13<\/a>] kuvvetleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Avusturya ordusu \u00e7ekiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cGarpta Frans\u0131z ordusu m\u00fcheyya-y\u0131 taarruz[14<\/a>], binaenaleyh Alman ordusu serbest de\u011fil, \u015earkta Rus ordusu pek faik ve Avusturya ordusu \u00e7ekilme\u011fe mecbur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cVaziyeti \u015f\u00f6yle tefsir edebiliriz[15<\/a>]: Almanlar Frans\u0131z ordusunu kat\u2019\u00ee bir meydan muharebesiyle hen\u00fcz ma\u011fl\u00fbp edemiyeceklerini ve Avusturya ordusunun faik Ruslar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda daha ziyade mukavemet edemiyece\u011fini g\u00f6rerek Garpta b\u00fct\u00fcn ordu ile geri \u00e7ekilerek bilnisbe[16<\/a>] \u015earka yakla\u015fmak ve sonra Frans\u0131z ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir m\u00fcdafaa ordusu terkederek m\u00fctebaki ordulariyle \u015earka tevecc\u00fch edip Avusturya ordusiyle birlikte Rus ordusunu vurmak istiyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cPek g\u00fczel, fakat bu defa Rus ordusu geri \u00e7ekilmiye ba\u015flarsa ve bu orduyu yakalay\u0131p yok etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmazsa ve di\u011fer taraftan Frans\u0131z ordusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda m\u00fcdafaa kuvvetleri de nihayet mukavemet i\u00e7in muavenet talebine mecbur olursa bu defa yine \u015earkda Ruslar\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 bir m\u00fcdafaa kuvveti b\u0131rak\u0131p Garba m\u0131 tevecc\u00fch edilecek[17<\/a>]. Ve b\u00f6yle mekik gibi bir \u015earka, bir Garba gide gele Alman ordusunun hali ne olur?..<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130leride zamanla ve yap\u0131lacak resm\u00ee ve \u00f6zel yay\u0131nlarla \u00f6\u011frenilecek bir tak\u0131m ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar ayr\u0131 tutulursa Atat\u00fcrk daha sava\u015f\u0131n ilk haftalar\u0131nda ba\u015fl\u0131ca Avrupa sava\u015f b\u00f6lgelerini ilgilendiren sava\u015f stratejisini ve bunun Alman ordular\u0131 i\u00e7in sonda y\u0131pranmaya varan Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 cepheleri aras\u0131nda yok edici bir mekik gibi gidi\u015f geli\u015f sorunu olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak Rusya\u2019daki ayaklanma ve devrimle Bol\u015fevikler\u2019in son a\u015fama y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f olan Rus ordusunu kendi elleriyle da\u011f\u0131t\u0131p ezici bir bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kabul edeceklerini hesaba katamazd\u0131. Bu olay ve Rus \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bile Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini engelleyememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ***<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1934 \u015eubat\u0131nda Balkan Misak\u0131 imzalanarak T\u00fcrkiye, Romanya, Yugoslavya ve Yunanistan bir tak\u0131m ko\u015fullarla ba\u011fla\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Anla\u015fma\u201d veya \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u0130til\u00e2f\u201d diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve Birinci Genel Sava\u015f sonucu olarak imzalanan andla\u015fmalar\u0131n kendilerini ilgilendiren k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 hep bir elden korumak i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015f bulunan Yugoslavya, \u00c7ekoslovakya ve Romanya devletler toplulu\u011fu, hem Almanya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131, hem de genel siyasada Fransa\u2019ya g\u00fcvenmekteydi, hatt\u00e2 onu kendine destek saymaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ancak Fransa 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda Alman s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 boyunca Majino (Maginot) \u00e7izgisi ad\u0131 verilen bir berkitmeler zinciri yapmaya koyulunca ona kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck devletlerce beslenen g\u00fcven azalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131m ilerledik\u00e7e ve durum gitgide daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a bu g\u00fcven azalmas\u0131 da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yordu ki Fransa, Almanya ile bir sava\u015fa tutu\u015facak olursa ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta bu berkitilmi\u015f \u00e7izginin gerisinde \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin, belki Amerika\u2019n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bekliyecekti. B\u00f6yle olunca da Lehistan\u2019\u0131 ve \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Anla\u015fma\u201d devletlerinin Alman tehdidi alt\u0131nda bulunanlar\u0131n\u0131, veya bu tehdidin alt\u0131na girecek olanlar\u0131n\u0131, sava\u015f\u0131n t\u00e2 ba\u015f\u0131nda Almanlar\u2019ca ezilmekten koruyacak durumdan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bulunuyordu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Almanya, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015f ba\u015f\u0131nda savunma durumunda kalmas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karlanarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kom\u015fular\u0131 \u00fczerine y\u00fck- y\u00fcklenip onlar\u0131 ezebilirdi. Nas\u0131l ki 1939\u2019da Polonya\u2019y\u0131 ve az sonra yans\u0131z Danimarka ve Norve\u00e7\u2019i bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda ezecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6ylelikle Fransa\u2019n\u0131n genel olarak bar\u0131\u015f andla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 koruyucu nitelikte olan a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaybolm\u0131ya y\u00fcz tutunca ve yap\u0131m\u0131 on y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek olan Majino berkitmeleri ilerledik\u00e7e Bat\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da kuvvetler denkli\u011finin bozulmakta oldu\u011fu gitgide daha iyi sezilir. \u0130talya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Mussolini de daha \u00e7at\u0131c\u0131 bir siyasa g\u00fctme\u011fe koyulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n sa\u011fa sola g\u00f6zda\u011f\u0131 veren bu siyasas\u0131, onun Arnavutlu\u011fu kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve Bulgaristan\u2019la anla\u015f\u0131k bir durumda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi hem Yugoslavya, hem de Yunanistan\u2019\u0131 ku\u015fkuland\u0131r\u0131yordu. Bu son devlet ise ayr\u0131ca da Yugoslavlar\u2019\u0131n Selanik\u2019te g\u00f6zleri oldu\u011fu inac\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve bu y\u00fczden de kayg\u0131lanmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu etkenler alt\u0131nda \u00f6nce Yunanistan T\u00fcrkiye ile yak\u0131nl\u0131k arar ve kurar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Balkan Devletleri aras\u0131nda Majino berkitmelerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan durumu gere\u011fi gibi de\u011ferlendiren ve Frans\u0131z stratejisinin \u00e7ok sak\u0131ncal\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlamakta gecikmiyen ilk devlet Yugoslavya olmu\u015ftur. Almanya\u2019da Hitler\u2019in i\u015fba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesiyle onun at\u0131lgan siyasas\u0131 ve hele Avusturya\u2019ya elatmak, yani Yugoslavya\u2019ya kom\u015fu olmak, amac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bilinmesi Belgrad H\u00fck\u00fcmetini b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn tedirgin etmi\u015fti. Romanya ise herhangi bir tehlike s\u0131ras\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n kendisine sald\u0131rmas\u0131ndan korkuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye de Mussolini\u2019nin sald\u0131rgan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 uslu durmaya zorl\u0131yabilecek inancalar elde etmeyi gerekli buluyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve etkenler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden T\u00fcrkiye, Yugoslavya, Romanya ve Yunanistan \u015eubat 1934 de Balkan Misak\u0131n\u0131 imzalarlar. Daha sonra da bunu b\u00fct\u00fcnleyen bir tak\u0131m askerlik anla\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Balkan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir devletin \u00e2leti olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 gereken \u00f6l\u00e7emler al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olur ve Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n Yugoslavya y\u00f6n\u00fcnden besledi\u011fi ku\u015fkular bu ba\u011fla\u015fma i\u00e7inde erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Misak\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca bir \u00f6nemi vard\u0131. 1922 b\u00fcy\u00fck zaferinden ve Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra da o, Bat\u0131 Avrupa acununca h\u00e2l\u00e2 bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131yor ve ona kar\u015f\u0131 siyasal bak\u0131mdan sanki karantina alt\u0131ndaym\u0131\u015f gibi davran\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu Misak ile bu acaip durum sona ermi\u015f bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu i\u015fin yap\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Atat\u00fcrk idi ve D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Dr. Tevfik R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Aras\u2019\u0131n i\u015fde \u00e7ok ustaca eme\u011fi ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Diplomatik \u00e7evrelerde, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t oyunlar\u0131ndan \u201cas\u201d \u0131n yani \u201cbirli\u201d nin \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc imlenerek Balkan Devletler toplulu\u011funda bir \u201cas\u201d ile \u00fc\u00e7 \u201croi – rua\u201d yani \u201cKral\u201d var denilirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6b\u00fcr yandan Yugoslavya ve Romanya, ne olur ne olmaz diye \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Anla\u015fma\u201d toplulu\u011fu i\u00e7inde Fransa ile yak\u0131n dostluk ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemesine \u00f6nem veriyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da anaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z olay bu ko\u015fullar g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir :<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en Misak ve askerlik anla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinden sonra Yugoslavya\u2019da yap\u0131lan ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck manevralarda T\u00fcrk ordusu ad\u0131na Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mare\u015fal Fevzi \u00c7akmak, Fransa ordusu ad\u0131na da bu devletin Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Orgeneral Moris Gam\u00f6len (Maurice Gamelin) haz\u0131r bulunmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Manevralar sonu\u00e7land\u0131ktan sonra verilen \u015f\u00f6lende r\u00fctbesi dolay\u0131siyle Mare\u015fal Fevzi \u00c7akmak\u2019\u0131n Kral Naibinin sa\u011f\u0131nda onur yerine oturtulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca Orgeneral M. Gam\u00f6len buna kar\u015f\u0131n olur. Kendisinin Frans\u0131z ordusu gibi Genel Sava\u015f\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f olan bir B\u00fcy\u00fck Devletin ordusunu temsil etmesi dolay\u0131siyle r\u00fctbesi ne olursa olsun T\u00fcrk ordusu temsilcisinin kendisinden \u00fcst\u00fcn bir durumda bulundurulam\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrer. Ayr\u0131ca da Yugoslavlar\u2019a T\u00fcrkler\u2019de Mare\u015fall\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckselmenin pek kolay oldu\u011funu, \u0131stabl-i \u00e2mire[18<\/a>] m\u00fcd\u00fcrlerine bile Mare\u015fallik r\u00fctbesinin verilegeldi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fi daha sonralar\u0131 duyulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Her ne kez kendisine dile\u011finin yerine getirilemiyece\u011finin nedenleri ve Cumhuriyet T\u00fcrkiyesinde i\u015flerin de\u011fi\u015fik oldu\u011fu anlat\u0131l\u0131rsa da o direni\u015finden vaz ge\u00e7mez ve bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda sofraya oturm\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonda hem T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi hem de Fransa\u2019y\u0131 k\u0131rmaktan \u00e7ekinen Yugoslav protokolcular\u0131 durumu kurtarmak i\u00e7in bir \u00e7\u0131kar yol bulurlar. Balkan Misak\u0131 i\u00e7inde Ba\u011fla\u015f\u0131k olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Mare\u015falini kendilerinden sayarak onu da ev sahibi gibi Kral Naibinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na oturturlar, b\u00f6ylelikle onur yerlerinin birincisi Kral\u0131n ve \u0130kincisi Mare\u015fal Fevzi \u00c7akmak\u2019\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131ndaki yer olur. General Gam\u00f6len de i\u015fdeki inceli\u011fi ve olay\u0131n T\u00fcrk-Yugoslav yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011feri pek anlamadan bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc onayl\u0131yarak Kral\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131na oturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir s\u00fcre sonra Mart 1936 da Hitler, Versay (Versailles) Andla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc daha \u00e7i\u011fneyerek askerlikten ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan Ren (Rhin) \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Bat\u0131 yakas\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeye (Renani – Rh\u00e9nanie) Alman ordusunu sokar. O s\u0131rada Frans\u0131z bar\u0131\u015fl\u0131k (hazer\u00ee) ordusu Alman ordusundan \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bunu bilen Alman Genel Kurmayl\u0131\u011f\u0131, e\u011fer Frans\u0131zlar ordular\u0131n\u0131 ilerletirlerse Renani\u2019ye girmi\u015f olan birliklerini hemen geri \u00e7ekme\u011fe kararl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ancak Paris\u2019de H\u00fck\u00fcmet \u015fa\u015fk\u0131n ve karars\u0131zd\u0131r ve Genel Kurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Orgeneral Gam\u00f6len de Versay Andla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n Fransa\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcvenini sa\u011flayan ba\u015fl\u0131ca bir h\u00fckm\u00fcne sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmesini elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00fcst\u00fcn kuvvetlerine ra\u011fmen Almanya\u2019ya girip Alman ordusunu askerlikten ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan Renani\u2019dcn \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden genel seferberlik yap\u0131lmas\u0131, yani epey zaman kaybedilmesi gibi bir tak\u0131m ko\u015fullar ileri s\u00fcrer ve hemen i\u015fe giri\u015fmekte b\u00fcy\u00fck bir isteksizlik g\u00f6sterir. Onun bu \u00e7ekingenli\u011fi Frans\u0131z H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bir \u015fey yapmamas\u0131na bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc neden ve mazeret te\u015fkil eder. B\u00f6ylelikle Hitler, Versay Andla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden birini y\u0131rtarak bedavadan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu olaylar\u0131 izleyen Atat\u00fcrk Orgeneral Gem\u00f6len\u2019in Yugoslavya\u2019daki \u015f\u00f6lende \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer kavgas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlayarak: \u201cZiyafet sofras\u0131nda at\u0131lgan ve inat\u00e7\u0131 amma sava\u015fmak, hatt\u00e2 kendi ordusundan \u00e7ok zay\u0131f bir orduya kar\u015f\u0131 sadece y\u00fcr\u00fcmek i\u015finde bu kadar \u00e7ekingen bir komutandan hay\u0131r gelmez\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden bir y\u0131l bile ge\u00e7meden ikinci genel sava\u015f patlak verdi\u011finde Ba\u015fkomutan Orgeneral Gam\u00f6len Frans\u0131z ordusunu Majino berkitmelerinin gerisinde bir bekleme durumunda tutmu\u015f ve \u00f6nce Lehistan\u2019\u0131n sonra da Danimarka ve Norve\u00e7\u2019in ezilmesine seyirci kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir ka\u00e7 ay sonra da 10 May\u0131s 1940 da s\u0131ra Holanda, Bel\u00e7ika ve Fransa\u2019ya gelince Almanlar bir ka\u00e7 hafta i\u00e7inde ve yaln\u0131zca 60.000 kadar kay\u0131p vererek bu \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkeyi de silip s\u00fcp\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6ylelikle Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn tan\u0131lamas\u0131 do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve kehaneti ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ***<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7ok kez an\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte yukardaki sav\u0131m\u0131zla ilgili olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Mustafa Kemal\u2019in \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa ile bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve o s\u0131rada s\u00f6ylediklerinin sonraki y\u0131llarda bir t\u00fcm olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlataca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1918 son bahar\u0131nda Alman Generali ve Osmanl\u0131 Mare\u015fali Liman von Sanders\u2019in \u00e7ekilmesi \u00fczerine onun komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ezici bir yenilgiye u\u011fram\u0131\u015f bulunan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m ordular\u0131 grupuna Mustafa Kemal komutan olmu\u015ftu. \u0130ngilizler yeni imzalanm\u0131\u015f olan Mondros B\u0131rak\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini \u00e7i\u011fnemekten ve onlar\u0131 diledikleri gibi yorumlamaktan \u00e7ekinmiyorlard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti de onlar\u0131n bu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda boyun e\u011fmekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yapmaya y\u00fcreklenemiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mustafa Kemal 8 Kas\u0131m 1918 g\u00fcn\u00fc Sadrazam ve Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 \u0130zzet Pa\u015faya \u00e7ekti\u011fi telde H\u00fck\u00fcmetin bu tutumunu yererek \u015funlar\u0131 demi\u015fti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c … Yoksa \u0130ngilizler\u2019in tek\u00e2lifine[19<\/a>] bug\u00fcne kadar oldu\u011fu tarzda mukabelede devam edildi\u011fi takdirde bug\u00fcn Payas-Kilis hatt\u0131na (\u00e7izgisine) kadar olan araziyi isteyen \u0130ngilizler\u2019in yar\u0131n Toros\u2019a kadar olan Kilikya m\u0131ntakas\u0131n\u0131n (b\u00f6lgesinin) ve daha sonra Konya – \u0130zmir hatt\u0131n\u0131n (\u00e7izgisinin ve demir yolunun) l\u00fczum-u i\u015fgali tek\u00e2lifinin yekdi\u011ferini velyedece\u011fi (birbiri ard\u0131ndan gelece\u011fi) ve binnetice ordumuzun kendileri taraf\u0131ndan sevk ve idaresi ve hatt\u00e2 heyet-i v\u00fckel\u00e2y-\u0131 Osmaniye\u2019nin Britanya H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan l\u00fczum-u intihab\u0131 (se\u00e7ilmesi) kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kalmak m\u00fcsteb\u2019at (olanaks\u0131z) de\u011fildir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn bu kehanetlerinin t\u00fcm\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden Kilikya b\u00f6lgesi \u0130ngilizler\u2019ce, Konya ise \u0130stanbul\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fla olarak \u0130talyanlar\u2019ca i\u015fgal olunur ve b\u00fct\u00fcn Anadolu demiryollar\u0131 \u0130ngilizler\u2019in denetlemesi alt\u0131na girer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kas\u0131m 1918 den beri ger\u00e7ekten i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda bulunan \u0130stanbul\u2019un 16 Mart 1920 de bilinen zorbal\u0131kla resmen de i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu o zamanki d\u00fc\u015fmanlarca bilitlenildikten sonra 5 Nisanda Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc H\u00fck\u00fcmetini kurar. O s\u0131rada \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Sava\u015f Bakan\u0131 ve dolay\u0131siyle \u0130stanbul\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz komutan\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunan \u00c7\u00f6r\u00e7il (Churchill) an\u0131lar\u0131nda: \u201c16 Martta \u0130stanbul \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z ve \u0130talyan birliklerince i\u015fgal edilmi\u015fti. Ferit elden geldi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde renksiz bir H\u00fck\u00fcmet kurma\u011fa \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u201d ve daha sonra \u201cFerit itaatla bir kuklalar H\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurdu ve 10 A\u011fustosta T\u00fcrkiye Sevr (S\u00e8vres) e, bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 yeniden kuran belgeyi imzalamaya geldi\u201d der[21<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu kuklalar H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Anadolu\u2019da yurdu kurtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKuvay\u0131 \u0130nzibatiye\u201d ad\u0131 verilen birliklerin kurulu\u015fu, komutan ve subaylar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesi, ger\u00e7ek y\u00f6netimi ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 hep \u0130stanbul\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n oy ve buyru\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki belgeler bunu g\u00f6sterir[22<\/a>] :<\/p>\n\n\n\n 26 Haziran 1920 de Sadrazam Damat Ferit Versay\u2019dad\u0131r. Sadaret Kaymakam\u0131 (Vekili) olan \u015eeyh\u00fclisl\u00e2m D\u00fcrrizade Abdullah Efendi ona g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bir \u015fifre telde Kuvay\u0131 Milliye, yani Anadolu\u2019yu d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 savunan yurtseverler i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 der:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cAhiren \u0130zmit\u2019te vuku bulan taarruzat-\u0131 \u015fedide def ve tenkil[23<\/a>] edilmi\u015f ve neticede yaln\u0131z oradaki fabrikam\u0131z\u0131n du\u00e7ar-\u0131 hasar[24<\/a>] olmas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir zarar has\u0131l olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fka Kandere istikametinden \u00e7ete \u015feklinde Gebze ve \u00d6merli taraflar\u0131na gelen \u015ferzime-i kalile[25<\/a>], tedabir-i m\u00fcttahize-i tenkiliye[26<\/a>] \u00fczerine kezalik tedmir edilmi\u015f[27<\/a>] ve cihet-i askeriyece \u0130ngiliz kuvay-\u0131 askeriyesi kumandanlariyle birlikte ahval-i m\u00fcmasile-i \u015fakavetkaranenin[28<\/a>] esasl\u0131 bir surette men ve def\u2019i[29<\/a>] i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6rt bin ki\u015filik bir kuvve-i m\u00fcsell\u00e2han\u0131n tertip ve te\u015fkiline tevess\u00fcl[30<\/a>] olunmu\u015ftur\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 27 Haziranda ayn\u0131 D\u00fcrrizade Abdullah Efendi Damat Ferid\u2019e \u015fu \u015fifre teli \u00e7eker:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u0130zmit m\u0131ntakas\u0131nda asayi\u015fi temine memur m\u00fcfreze[31<\/a>] Haziran\u0131n 14 \u00fcnde Alemda\u011f \u015fosesinde b\u00e2\u011filerin[32<\/a>] kesretli[33<\/a>] kuvvetiyle harbederek \u0130zmit\u2019e ricat etmi\u015f ve eslihas\u0131n\u0131 kamilen \u0130ngilizler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcfreze sil\u00e2hs\u0131z \u00c7oban\u00e7e\u015fmeye getirilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcsademede[35<\/a>] \u0130zmit kuvvetlerinden y\u00fcz\u00fc m\u00fctecaviz efrat b\u00e2\u011filere ge\u00e7mi\u015f, bize sil\u00e2h kullanm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fcfrezenin ricatine sebep olmu\u015ftur. Bundan dolay\u0131 Kuvay-\u0131 \u0130nzibatiyenin tedricen ilgas\u0131na mecburiyet has\u0131l oldu[35<\/a>].<\/p>\n\n\n\n ***<\/p>\n\n\n\n Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn uzun y\u0131llar \u00f6nceden uza\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve sezi\u015finin \u00f6rnekleri pek \u00e7oktur. Ondaki bu yetenek yak\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda onun her d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve buyru\u011funun yerinde oldu\u011fu inanc\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6kle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u015eu da unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki Atat\u00fcrk kesin kararlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nce halk aras\u0131nda belirli belirsiz yoklamalarda bulunarak, sonra da b\u00fct\u00fcn ilgilileri dinleyerek ve onlarla tart\u0131\u015farak verirdi, ancak karar\u0131 karard\u0131 ve herkes Onun en do\u011fru ve uygun oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Onun bir tak\u0131m kimselerce yersiz olarak \u201cdiktat\u00f6rl\u00fck\u201d diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan her \u00f6nemli konu ve sorunda son s\u00f6z\u00fc s\u00f6yleyip bunu her kese onaylatabilmesi bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve sezi\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmakla birlikte gereken herkesle dan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 uygun bulmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucudur. E\u011fer Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e \u201cdiktat\u00f6r\u201d denilecekse bu \u201cdiktat\u00f6rl\u00fck\u201d onu yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131yan herkesin ruhuna girmi\u015f ve sinmi\u015f olan onun en do\u011fru yolu se\u00e7ece\u011fi \u00fczerindeki kesin inan\u00e7tan do\u011fan bir \u201cdiktat\u00f6rl\u00fck\u201d idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Aristo\u2019nun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki s\u00f6z\u00fc Atat\u00fcrk \u00e7ap\u0131nda kimseler i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cKendisi i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen ve etraf\u0131 inceleyen kimse bir bilge (hakim, filosof) d\u0131r. E\u011fer O bundan da ileri giderek ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle k\u0131namalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutar ve \u00f6nemsiz say\u0131lan kimselerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de hor g\u00f6rmezse Y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131n Efendisidir\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hikmet Bayur Anahtar Kelimeler: Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, Mondros M\u00fctarekesi, Minber Gazetesi, Osmanl\u0131, Tarih \u0130lk \u00f6rne\u011fi 1918 b\u0131rak\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan Minber gazetesinden alaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu gazeteyi Dr. Rasim Ferid (Talay) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor ve orada Ali Fethi (Okyar)\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131 bulundu\u011fu \u201cOsmanl\u0131 H\u00fcrriyetperveran Avam\u201d partisinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri yay\u0131nlan\u0131yordu. Bunlar\u0131n ikisi de Mustafa Kemal\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce arkada\u015f\u0131 idiler ve o da gazeteye, daha … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[316,317,318,319,163,320,321,322,323,324,325,326,327,328,329,330,331,332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339,340,341,342,343,344,345,346,347,348,349,350,351,352,353,354,355,356,164,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376],"class_list":{"0":"post-245","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"hentry","6":"category-uncategorized","7":"tag-beautyblogger","8":"tag-blogcommunity","9":"tag-blogdesign","10":"tag-blogfeed","11":"tag-blogger","12":"tag-bloggerdiaries","13":"tag-bloggergoals","14":"tag-bloggerlife","16":"tag-bloggerlove","17":"tag-bloggerslife","18":"tag-bloggersofinstagram","19":"tag-bloggerstyle","20":"tag-bloggersupport","21":"tag-bloggerworld","22":"tag-blogging","23":"tag-bloggingcommunity","24":"tag-blogginggoals","25":"tag-blogginglife","26":"tag-bloggingtips","27":"tag-bloginspo","28":"tag-bloglife","29":"tag-blogpost","30":"tag-blogstrategy","31":"tag-blogtips","32":"tag-branding","33":"tag-businesstips","34":"tag-contentcreator","35":"tag-contentmarketing","36":"tag-contentstrategy","37":"tag-copywriting","38":"tag-creativewriting","39":"tag-creativity","40":"tag-dailyinspo","41":"tag-digitalcontent","42":"tag-digitalmarketing","43":"tag-entrepreneur","44":"tag-fashionblogger","45":"tag-foodblogger","46":"tag-freelancer","47":"tag-growthmindset","48":"tag-hustle","49":"tag-influencer","50":"tag-inspiration","51":"tag-instablog","52":"tag-lifestyleblogger","53":"tag-marketingtips","54":"tag-mindset","55":"tag-motivation","56":"tag-onlinebusiness","57":"tag-onlinemarketing","58":"tag-personalblog","59":"tag-productivity","60":"tag-remotework","61":"tag-smallbusiness","62":"tag-socialmedia","63":"tag-storytelling","64":"tag-travelblogger","65":"tag-website","66":"tag-wordpress","67":"tag-workfromanywhere","68":"tag-writersofinstagram","69":"tag-writingcommunity"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sevenhd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sevenhd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sevenhd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sevenhd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sevenhd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=245"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sevenhd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":246,"href":"https:\/\/sevenhd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/245\/revisions\/246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sevenhd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sevenhd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sevenhd.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Dipnotlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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